Basic Formulas in PHYSICS

In relation with Motion and the 3 Newton's Laws ... in the field of KINEMATICS:


The Standard Values:

V =  Velocity / Speed;
d  =  Displacement / Distance;
t = Time / Duration;
a = Acceleration / Change in Speed / Change in Velocity;


Formulas for V:

V = a . t ;    

V = d / t ;



Formulas for d:

d = V. t ;    //linear distance formula: used when "No Change in Speed" or "Acceleration".

d = 1/2 a . t² ;    //quadratic distance formula: used when finding the Displacement of the Projectile on its highest peak before it goes down, when there is "Change in Speed" or "Acceleration".



Formulas for t:

t = V / a ;  

t = d / V ; 


Formulas for a:

a = V / t ;

a = V² / 2 d ;

a = 2 d / t² ;


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Fundamental Formulas:

MASS = (density) x (volume per unit) ;
FORCE = (mass) x (acceleration) ;
WORK = (force) x (displacement);
POWER  = (force) x (velocity);
MOMENTUM  = (mass) x (velocity);
WEIGHT  = (mass) x (gravitational force);


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Law of Conservation of Energy:

"Energy can never be created nor be destroyed... Energy can change."

Ei = Ef ;  // initial energy = final energy ;

PEi + KEi = PEf + KEf ; // sum of initial PE & KE = sum of final PE & KE ;

m.g.Yi +  1/2 m.Vi² = m.g.Yf + 1/2 m.Vf² ;


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One-Dimensional Motion (Free-Falling Motion 
with Constant Acceleration):





Y = height / vertical distance in meters;
(X = range / horizontal distance);


Vi = initial speed in meters/seconds;
Vf = final speed in meters/seconds;

m = mass in kilograms;

g = gravitational force = acceleration inclined with the gravity of Planet Earth (constant value for gravitational force = 9.8 m/s²);

Solving for ΔY:

m.g.Yi + 1/2 m.Vi² = m.g.Yf + 1/2 m.Vf² ; // This the Initial Equation.

m.g.Yf - m.g.Yi  = 1/2 m.Vi² - 1/2 m.Vf² ; // Step 1 : Arrange ;

m.g.Yf - m.g.Yi  = 1/2 m.Vi² - 1/2 m.Vf² ; // Step 2 : Eliminate common terms ;

[g.Yf - g.Yi  = 1/2 Vi² - 1/2 Vf² ] 1/2 g  ; // Step 3 : Multiply each side by its common terms ;

Yf - Yi  = (Vi² - Vf² ) / (2 g) ; // This is the Result or Final Equation ;


Note: 'ΔY' is equal to 'final Y' minus 'initial Y'.